Ka la 11 Phupu, Seboka sa Phapanyetsano sa Sino US mabapi le Mafura a Hloekileng a Lipalangoang le Thibelo ea Tšilafalo ea Moea e ile ea tšoareloa Beijing. Sebokeng, litsebi tse amehang tse tsoang indastering ea biofuel ea US le litsebi tsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho tsa Machaena li ile tsa arolelana liphihlelo tsa tsona ka lihlooho tse kang thibelo le taolo ea tšilafalo ea moea, le phihlelo ea ho phahamisa peterole ea ethanol ea US.
Chai Fahe, eo e kileng ea e-ba motlatsi oa mopresidente oa China Academy of Environmental Sciences, o boletse hore lilemong tsa morao tjena, libaka tse ngata tsa Chaena li ’nile tsa pepesehela tšilafalo ea leholi ka mehla. Sebakeng, sebaka sa Beijing Tianjin Hebei e ntse e le sebaka se nang le tšilafalo e mpe ea moea.
Liu Yongchun, motlatsi oa mofuputsi oa Ecological Environment Research Center ea Chinese Academy of Sciences, o boletse hore ts'ebetsong ea ho hlahloba lisosa tsa tšilafalo ea moea Chaena, ho ile ha fumanoa hore matšoao a tšilafalo ea motho ka mong a ne a batla a le bonolo ho finyella maemo, empa ho ne ho le thata ho laola matšoao a ntho e itseng. Lisosa tse akaretsang li ne li rarahane, 'me likaroloana tse entsoeng ke phetoho ea bobeli ea litšila tse fapa-fapaneng li ile tsa phetha karolo e kholo ho thehoeng ha moholi.
Hajoale, mesi ea likoloi e fetohile mohloli oa bohlokoa oa litšila tsa moea tsa tikoloho, ho kenyelletsa carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons le nitrogen oxides, PM (particulate matter, soot) le likhase tse ling tse kotsi. Ho ntšoa ha lintho tse silafatsang ho amana haufi-ufi le boleng ba mafura.
Lilemong tsa bo-1950, liketsahalo tsa "photochemical smog" Los Angeles le libakeng tse ling United States li ile tsa lebisa ka ho toba ho phatlalatsoeng ha United States Federal Clean Air Act. Ka nako e tšoanang, United States e ile ea etsa tlhahiso ea ho ntšetsa pele peterole ea ethanol. The Clean Air Act e bile ketso ea pele ea ho khothaletsa peterole ea ethanol United States, e fana ka motheo oa molao bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea biofuel ethanol. Ka 1979, United States e thehile "Leano la Nts'etsopele ea Ethanol" ea mmuso oa kopanelo, mme ea qala ho khothaletsa tšebeliso ea mafura a tsoakiloeng a nang le 10% ea ethanol.
Biofuel ethanol ke e ntle ka ho fetesisa e seng chefo ea octane number le oxygenator e kentsoeng peteroleng. Ha ho bapisoa le peterole e tloaelehileng, peterole ea E10 ethanol (peterole e nang le 10% biofuel ethanol) e ka fokotsa PM2.5 ka ho feta 40% ka kakaretso. Tlhokomelo ea tikoloho e entsoeng ke lefapha la naha la tšireletso ea tikoloho libakeng tseo peterole ea ethanol e khothalletsoang ho eona e bontša hore peterole ea ethanol e ka fokotsa haholo ho ntšoa ha carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, particulates le lintho tse ling tse kotsi mosing oa likoloi.
Tlaleho ea lipatlisiso "The Impact of Ethanol Gasoline on Air Quality" e lokollotsoeng Sebokeng sa Bohlano sa Selemo sa Selemo sa Naha sa Ethanol se boetse se bontšitse hore ethanol e ka fokotsa PM2.5 ea mantlha ea mosi oa likoloi. Ho eketsa 10% ea mafura a ethanol ho peterole e tloaelehileng ea likoloi tse tloaelehileng ho ka fokotsa ho ntšoa ha lintho ka 36%, athe likoloing tse ngata tse tsoang likoloing ho ka fokotsa tlhahiso ea lintho tse nyenyane ka 64.6%. Metsoako ea organic ho PM2.5 ea bobeli e amana ka kotloloho le litaba tsa aromatics ka peteroleng. Tšebeliso ea ethanol ho nka sebaka sa aromatics ka peterole e ka fokotsa tlhahiso ea PM2.5 ea bobeli.
Ntle le moo, peterole ea ethanol le eona e ka fokotsa tlhahiso ea tšilafalo e chefo joalo ka li-depositi tse ka phaposing e tukang ea lienjineri tsa likoloi le benzene, le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea li-converter tsa motlakase tsa koloi.
Bakeng sa biofuel ethanol, lefats'e le kantle le lona le tšoenyehile ka hore ts'ebeliso ea eona e kholo e kanna ea ama litheko tsa lijo. Leha ho le joalo, James Miller, eo e kileng ea e-ba Motlatsi oa Mongoli oa Lefapha la Matla a United States le Molula-setulo oa Khampani ea Temo le ea Biofuel Policy Advisory, ea neng a le teng sebokeng seo, o boletse hore Banka ea Lefatše le eona e ngotse pampiri lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng. Ba boletse hore ha e le hantle litheko tsa lijo li angoa ke litheko tsa oli, eseng ke mafura a tlhaho. Ka hona, tšebeliso ea bioethanol e ke ke ea ama haholo theko ea lihlahisoa tsa lijo.
Hajoale, peterole ea ethanol e sebelisoang Chaena e entsoe ka 90% ea peterole e tloaelehileng le 10% ea mafura a ethanol. China e 'nile ea khothalletsa ethanol ea mafura ka lilemo tse fetang leshome ho tloha ka 2002. Nakong ena, Chaena e amohetse likhoebo tse supileng tsa ethanol ho hlahisa ethanol ea mafura, 'me e tsamaisitse ts'ebetso ea lifofane tse koetsoeng libakeng tse 11, ho akarelletsa le Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Anhui le Shandong. Ho tloha ka 2016, Chaena e hlahisitse lithane tse ka bang limilione tse 21.7 tsa mafura a ethanol le lithane tse limilione tse 25.51 tsa carbon dioxide e lekanang le eona.
Palo ea likoloi tsa Beijing Tianjin Hebei le libaka tse haufi le eona e ka ba limilione tse 60, empa sebaka sa Beijing Tianjin Hebei ha se e-s'o kenyelelitsoe ho sefofane sa ethanol ea mafura.
Wu Ye, motlatsi oa mopresidente oa Sekolo sa Tikoloho sa Univesithi ea Tsinghua, o boletse hore ho bua ka mokhoa o nepahetseng, tšebeliso ea peterole ea ethanol e nang le foromo e utloahalang ha ea ka ea lebisa keketseho e kholo ea tšebeliso ea mafura le tšebeliso ea matla; Bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ea peterole, likhase tse silafatsang lia fapana, lia eketseha ebile lia fokotseha. Khothatso ea peterole ea ethanol e utloahalang sebakeng sa Beijing Tianjin Hebei e na le phello e ntle ea ho fokotsa PM2.5. Peterole ea ethanol e ntse e ka fihlela maemo a 6 a naha bakeng sa mefuta e phahameng ea taolo ea likoloi.
Nako ea poso: Oct-26-2022